Here are Economics Terms beginning with B
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Balance of payments a statistical record of all economic transactions between domestic and foreign residents. It captures trade in goods and services, income flows, financial/capital flows, changes in foreign exchange reserves and borrowing/repayments to the International Monetary Fund.

Barometric price leadership is whereby a particular firm's price setting behavior becomes a barometer for other firms when setting their prices.

Barriers to entry are things that make it more costly or difficult for a new or existing firm to enter into an industry. Barriers to entry come in many forms such as the need for economies of scale, large sunk costs, legislative barriers, patent protection for existing firms and so on.

Barter economy an economy which avoids the use of money and so involves economic agents exchange goods and services in return for goods and services from other agents.

Base year refers to the year in which an index is set to an initial value of 100.  For example the consumer price index is set to 100 in say 20120 and then the index either rises or falls from this level in future years.

Basic rate of tax is the marginal rate of income tax for most workers in an economy.

Behavioural economics is the study of the effects of social, psychological and cognitive influences on economic decision making and behavior.

Benefit principle of taxation the principle that taxes paid should be inn  proportion to the benefits an individual receives from the resulting expenditure on government goods and services.

Benefits in kind are goods and services that are received from the state at no charge to the recipient.

Big Data refers to the crunching of huge amounts of data, some of it historical and some of it real time to gain useful ingihts that can enable companies to improve their decision making process and the efficiency with which they operate and even design new products and services. BIg Data also involves clever visusal presentation of the data so that humans can visualize the meaning and insights from the number crunching.

Bilateral monopoly a situation in which a monopoly supplier transacts with a monopoly buyer.

Bounded rationality is used to describe a situation in which an economic agent's ability to make a fully rational decision is limited by either a lack of information, a lack of time or an ability to fully understand a complex set of circumstances. With bounded rationality economic agents tend to make only satisfactory solutions rather than fully optimal decisions.

Bretton Woods an exchange rate system which operated between 1948-1972. The major currencies of the world were pegged to the US dollar and allowed to fluctuate 1% either side of a central parity. The dollar itself was pegged to gold at $35 per ounce. The International Monetary Fund was set up to monitor the system.

Broad money supply a definition of the money supply that includes not only cash held by the public and the cash reserves of the banking system but also deposits in current accounts and savings accounts.

Budget deficit refers to a situation in which central government expenditure is greater than central government tax receipts. It is normally measured over the course of a year and is often expressed as a ratio of the national income.

Budget line a graph which depicts the maximum number of two goods that a consume can consume given the consumer's income and given the prices of the two goods.

Budget surplus refers to a situation in which central government expenditure is less than  central government tax receipts. It is normally measured over the course of a
year and is often expressed as a ratio of the national income.

Buffer stocks are stocks of a product which are held in order to help stabilize prices arising from supply side shocks. If supply is below normal then stocks are released to help prevent large price rises and if supply is above normal then stocks will be replenished so as to have stocks available to meet future shortages.

Business Cycle refers to the fluctuations in the national income above and below the trend rate of growth of the national income. Business cycles vary in both length and magnitude over time and between economies.

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